bgunebakan · Oct 19, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         language: [ python ]
-        sqla-version: ['<1.4', '<1.5', '<2.1']
+        sqla-version: ['<1.5', '<2.1', '<2.2']
 
     steps:
       - name: Acquire sources

diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -23,18 +23,9 @@ jobs:
         os: ['ubuntu-22.04']
         python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14']
         cratedb-version: ['latest']
-        sqla-version: ['<1.4', '<1.5', '<2.1', '<2.2']
+        sqla-version: ['<1.5', '<2.1', '<2.2']
         pip-allow-prerelease: ['false']
 
-        exclude:
-          # SQLAlchemy 1.3 is not supported on Python 3.12 and higher.
-          - python-version: '3.12'
-            sqla-version: '<1.4'
-          - python-version: '3.13'
-            sqla-version: '<1.4'
-          - python-version: '3.14'
-            sqla-version: '<1.4'
-
         include:
           - os: 'ubuntu-22.04'
             python-version: '3.14'

diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## Unreleased
+- BREAKING: Dropped support for SQLAlchemy 1.3, which is EOL since 2021.
+  The minimum supported version is SQLAlchemy 1.4
+- Deprecated support for SQLAlchemy 1.4, which is EOL. Importing the dialect
+  with SQLAlchemy 1.4 emits a `FutureWarning`. A future release will
+  require SQLAlchemy 2.0
+
 ## 2026/10/19 0.44.0
 - Types: Fixed `sa.Time` raising `Cannot find data type: time`. `Time` columns 
   are created as `STRING` and hold values in ISO 8601 format.

diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with co
 
 ## Project Overview
 
-`sqlalchemy-cratedb` is a SQLAlchemy dialect for CrateDB, a distributed SQL database. It supports SQLAlchemy 1.3 through 2.1 (with ongoing 2.1 compatibility work on the current branch).
+`sqlalchemy-cratedb` is a SQLAlchemy dialect for CrateDB, a distributed SQL database. It supports SQLAlchemy 1.4 through 2.1.
 
 ## Development Setup
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Select the CrateDB version with `CRATEDB_VERSION`, an image tag (default: `lates
 - **`compiler.py`** — SQL/DDL compilation: `CrateDDLCompiler`, `CrateTypeCompiler`, `CrateIdentifierPreparer`, and `rewrite_update()` for partial object updates
 - **`predicate.py`** — `match()` predicate for full-text search
 - **`sa_version.py`** — Version detection; exports `SA_VERSION`, `SA_1_4`, `SA_2_0`, `SA_2_1` constants
-- **`compat/`** — Multi-version SQLAlchemy compatibility: `core10.py`, `core14.py`, `core20.py`, `core21.py`, `api13.py`
+- **`compat/`** — Multi-version SQLAlchemy compatibility: `core14.py` (SQLAlchemy 1.4), `core20.py` (2.0 and 2.1)
 - **`type/`** — Custom CrateDB types: `ObjectType` (JSON objects), `ObjectArray`, `FloatVector`, `Geopoint`, `Geoshape`
 - **`support/`** — Integrations and polyfills: `pandas.py` (bulk insert), `polyfill.py` (refresh-after-DML, uniqueness, autoincrement timestamps), `util.py`
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Tests in `tests/` follow two patterns:
 - `tests/test_documentation.py`: runs the doctests in `docs/*.rst` against the same CrateDB instance
 
 The `conftest.py` provides:
-- `cratedb_service`: session-scoped, starts one CrateDB container (`crate:$CRATEDB_VERSION`, or `crate/crate:nightly` for `nightly`) with `tests/assets` mounted at `/assets`
+- `cratedb_service`: session-scoped, starts one CrateDB container (`crate/crate:$CRATEDB_VERSION`) with `tests/assets` mounted at `/assets`
 - `crate_host`: the container's `host:port`, used by the doctests
 - `offline_default_server`: autouse, answers the driver's connect-time server version probe for the default address `localhost:4200`.
 ## Code Style

diff --git a/bootstrap.sh b/bootstrap.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 # set -x
 
 # Default variables.
-SQLALCHEMY_VERSION=${SQLALCHEMY_VERSION:-<2.1}
+SQLALCHEMY_VERSION=${SQLALCHEMY_VERSION:-<2.2}
 
 
 function print_header() {

diff --git a/docs/advanced-querying.rst b/docs/advanced-querying.rst
@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@ Import the relevant symbols:
 
     >>> import sqlalchemy as sa
     >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
-    >>> try:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
-    ... except ImportError:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
+    >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
     >>> from uuid import uuid4
 
 Establish a connection to the database, see also :ref:`sa:engines_toplevel`

diff --git a/docs/crud.rst b/docs/crud.rst
@@ -22,10 +22,7 @@ Import the relevant symbols:
     >>> from datetime import datetime
     >>> from sqlalchemy import delete, func, text
     >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
-    >>> try:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
-    ... except ImportError:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
+    >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
     >>> from sqlalchemy_cratedb import ObjectArray
 
 Establish a connection to the database, see also :ref:`sa:engines_toplevel`

diff --git a/docs/getting-started.rst b/docs/getting-started.rst
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ Import the relevant symbols:
 
     >>> import sqlalchemy as sa
     >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
-    >>> try:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
-    ... except ImportError:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
+    >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
 
 Establish a connection to the database, see also :ref:`sa:engines_toplevel`
 and :ref:`connect`:

diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ About
 *****
 
 The :ref:`CrateDB dialect <using-sqlalchemy>` for `SQLAlchemy`_ provides adapters
-for `CrateDB`_ and SQLAlchemy. The supported versions are 1.3, 1.4, and 2.0.
+for `CrateDB`_ and SQLAlchemy. The supported versions are 1.4, 2.0, and 2.1.
 The package is available from `PyPI`_ at `sqlalchemy-cratedb`_.
 
 The connector can be used to connect to both `CrateDB`_ and `CrateDB

diff --git a/docs/overview.rst b/docs/overview.rst
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The ``sqlalchemy-cratedb`` package provides the :ref:`SQLAlchemy dialect
 installation time, and can be used without further configuration.
 
 The CrateDB SQLAlchemy dialect is validated to work with SQLAlchemy versions
-``1.3``, ``1.4``, and ``2.0``.
+``1.4``, ``2.0``, and ``2.1``.
 
 .. SEEALSO::
 

diff --git a/docs/working-with-types.rst b/docs/working-with-types.rst
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ Import the relevant symbols:
     >>> from sqlalchemy import delete, func, text
     >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
     >>> from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
-    >>> try:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
-    ... except ImportError:
-    ...     from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
+    >>> from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
     >>> from uuid import uuid4
 
 Establish a connection to the database, see also :ref:`sa:engines_toplevel`

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ dynamic = [
 dependencies = [
   "crate>=2.2.1,<3",
   "geojson>=2.5,<4",
-  "sqlalchemy>=1,<2.2",
+  "sqlalchemy>=1.4,<2.2",
   "verlib2<26.3",
 ]
 optional-dependencies.all = [

diff --git a/src/sqlalchemy_cratedb/__init__.py b/src/sqlalchemy_cratedb/__init__.py
@@ -19,10 +19,9 @@
 # with Crate these terms will supersede the license and you may use the
 # software solely pursuant to the terms of the relevant commercial agreement.
 
-from .compat.api13 import monkeypatch_add_exec_driver_sql
 from .dialect import dialect
 from .predicate import match
-from .sa_version import SA_1_4, SA_VERSION
+from .sa_version import SA_1_4, SA_2_0, SA_VERSION  # noqa: F401  # Re-exported for compatibility.
 from .support import insert_bulk
 from .type.array import ObjectArray
 from .type.geo import Geopoint, Geoshape
@@ -31,28 +30,22 @@
 from .type.unresolved import UnresolvedType
 from .type.vector import FloatVector, knn_match
 
-if SA_VERSION < SA_1_4:
+if SA_VERSION < SA_2_0:
     import textwrap
     import warnings
 
-    # SQLAlchemy 1.3 is effectively EOL.
-    SA13_DEPRECATION_WARNING = textwrap.dedent(
+    SA14_DEPRECATION_WARNING = textwrap.dedent(
         """
-    WARNING: SQLAlchemy 1.3 is effectively EOL.
+    WARNING: SQLAlchemy 1.4 is EOL.
 
-    SQLAlchemy 1.3 is EOL since 2023-01-27.
-    Future versions of the CrateDB SQLAlchemy dialect will drop support for SQLAlchemy 1.3.
-    It is recommended that you transition to using SQLAlchemy 1.4 or 2.0:
+    SQLAlchemy 1.4 is no longer maintained, its last release was 1.4.54 in September 2024.
+    Future versions of the CrateDB SQLAlchemy dialect will drop support for SQLAlchemy 1.4.
+    It is recommended that you transition to using SQLAlchemy 2.0 or later:
 
-    - https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/14/changelog/migration_14.html
     - https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/changelog/migration_20.html
     """.lstrip("\n")
     )
-    warnings.warn(message=SA13_DEPRECATION_WARNING, category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-
-    # SQLAlchemy 1.3 does not have the `exec_driver_sql` method, so add it.
-    monkeypatch_add_exec_driver_sql()
-
+    warnings.warn(message=SA14_DEPRECATION_WARNING, category=FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
 try:
     from importlib.metadata import PackageNotFoundError, version

diff --git a/src/sqlalchemy_cratedb/compat/api13.py b/src/sqlalchemy_cratedb/compat/api13.py