fix: check subprocess exit codes in Java tracer

codeflash/languages/java/tracer.py

@@ -18,17 +18,19 @@
 GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN_WAIT = 5  # seconds to wait after SIGTERM before SIGKILL
 
 
-def _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(
-    java_command: list[str], env: dict[str, str], timeout: int, stage_name: str
-) -> None:
+def _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(java_command: list[str], env: dict[str, str], timeout: int, stage_name: str) -> int:
     """Run a Java command with graceful timeout handling.
 
     Sends SIGTERM first (allowing JFR dump and shutdown hooks to run),
     then SIGKILL if the process doesn't exit within GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN_WAIT seconds.
+
+    Returns the process exit code, or -1 if the process was killed due to timeout.
     """
     if not timeout:
-        subprocess.run(java_command, env=env, check=False)
-        return
+        result = subprocess.run(java_command, env=env, check=False)
+        if result.returncode != 0:
+            logger.warning("%s exited with code %d", stage_name, result.returncode)
+        return result.returncode
 
     import signal
 
@@ -46,6 +48,11 @@ def _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(
             logger.warning("%s stage did not exit after SIGTERM, sending SIGKILL", stage_name)
             proc.kill()
             proc.wait()
+        return -1
+
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        logger.warning("%s exited with code %d", stage_name, proc.returncode)
+    return proc.returncode
 
 
 # --add-opens flags needed for Kryo serialization on Java 16+
@@ -85,12 +92,23 @@ def trace(
         combined_env = self.build_combined_env(jfr_file, config_path)
 
         logger.info("Running combined JFR profiling + argument capture...")
-        _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(java_command, combined_env, timeout, "Combined tracing")
+        exit_code = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(java_command, combined_env, timeout, "Combined tracing")
+
+        if not trace_db_path.exists():
+            msg = (
+                f"Combined tracing failed with exit code {exit_code} — trace database was not created at "
+                f"{trace_db_path}. Cannot proceed without trace data."
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        if exit_code != 0:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Combined tracing exited with code %d but trace database was created — proceeding with partial data",
+                exit_code,
+            )
 
         if not jfr_file.exists():
             logger.warning("JFR file was not created at %s", jfr_file)
-        if not trace_db_path.exists():
-            logger.error("Trace database was not created at %s", trace_db_path)
 
         return trace_db_path, jfr_file
 

tests/test_languages/test_java/test_tracer_exit_codes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from codeflash.languages.java.tracer import JavaTracer, _run_java_with_graceful_timeout
+
+
+class TestRunJavaWithGracefulTimeout:
+    def test_returns_zero_on_success(self) -> None:
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returncode = 0
+        with patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+            rc = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(["java", "-version"], {}, 0, "test")
+        assert rc == 0
+
+    def test_returns_nonzero_on_failure(self) -> None:
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returncode = 1
+        with patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+            rc = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(["java", "-version"], {}, 0, "test")
+        assert rc == 1
+
+    def test_returns_exit_code_137_oom_kill(self) -> None:
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returncode = 137
+        with patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+            rc = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(["java", "-version"], {}, 0, "test")
+        assert rc == 137
+
+    def test_timeout_path_returns_zero_on_success(self) -> None:
+        mock_proc = MagicMock()
+        mock_proc.returncode = 0
+        with patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer.subprocess.Popen", return_value=mock_proc):
+            rc = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(["java", "-version"], {}, 60, "test")
+        assert rc == 0
+
+    def test_timeout_path_returns_nonzero_on_failure(self) -> None:
+        mock_proc = MagicMock()
+        mock_proc.returncode = 1
+        with patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer.subprocess.Popen", return_value=mock_proc):
+            rc = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(["java", "-version"], {}, 60, "test")
+        assert rc == 1
+
+    def test_timeout_returns_negative_one(self) -> None:
+        import subprocess
+
+        mock_proc = MagicMock()
+        # First wait() times out, SIGTERM wait succeeds
+        mock_proc.wait.side_effect = [
+            subprocess.TimeoutExpired(cmd="java", timeout=60),
+            None,  # SIGTERM wait succeeds
+        ]
+        with patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer.subprocess.Popen", return_value=mock_proc):
+            rc = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(["java", "-version"], {}, 60, "test")
+        assert rc == -1
+
+    def test_timeout_sends_sigterm_then_sigkill(self) -> None:
+        import signal
+        import subprocess
+
+        mock_proc = MagicMock()
+        # First wait() times out, SIGTERM wait also times out
+        mock_proc.wait.side_effect = [
+            subprocess.TimeoutExpired(cmd="java", timeout=60),
+            subprocess.TimeoutExpired(cmd="java", timeout=5),
+            None,
+        ]
+        with patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer.subprocess.Popen", return_value=mock_proc):
+            rc = _run_java_with_graceful_timeout(["java", "-version"], {}, 60, "test")
+
+        assert rc == -1
+        mock_proc.send_signal.assert_called_once_with(signal.SIGTERM)
+        mock_proc.kill.assert_called_once()
+
+
+class TestJavaTracerExitCodeHandling:
+    def test_success_with_trace_db_created(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        trace_db_path = (tmp_path / "trace.db").resolve()
+        tracer = JavaTracer()
+
+        def mock_run_timeout(java_command: list[str], env: dict, timeout: int, stage_name: str) -> int:
+            trace_db_path.write_bytes(b"fake-db")
+            return 0
+
+        with (
+            patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer._run_java_with_graceful_timeout", side_effect=mock_run_timeout),
+            patch.object(tracer, "build_combined_env", return_value={}),
+            patch.object(tracer, "create_tracer_config", return_value=tmp_path / "config.json"),
+        ):
+            trace_db, _jfr_file = tracer.trace(
+                java_command=["java", "-cp", ".", "Main"], trace_db_path=trace_db_path, packages=["com.example"]
+            )
+        assert trace_db == trace_db_path
+
+    def test_failure_without_trace_db_raises(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        trace_db_path = (tmp_path / "trace.db").resolve()
+        tracer = JavaTracer()
+
+        def mock_run_timeout(java_command: list[str], env: dict, timeout: int, stage_name: str) -> int:
+            return 1
+
+        with (
+            patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer._run_java_with_graceful_timeout", side_effect=mock_run_timeout),
+            patch.object(tracer, "build_combined_env", return_value={}),
+            patch.object(tracer, "create_tracer_config", return_value=tmp_path / "config.json"),
+            pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Combined tracing failed with exit code 1"),
+        ):
+            tracer.trace(
+                java_command=["java", "-cp", ".", "Main"], trace_db_path=trace_db_path, packages=["com.example"]
+            )
+
+    def test_nonzero_exit_with_trace_db_continues(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        trace_db_path = (tmp_path / "trace.db").resolve()
+        tracer = JavaTracer()
+
+        def mock_run_timeout(java_command: list[str], env: dict, timeout: int, stage_name: str) -> int:
+            trace_db_path.write_bytes(b"fake-db")
+            return 1
+
+        with (
+            patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer._run_java_with_graceful_timeout", side_effect=mock_run_timeout),
+            patch.object(tracer, "build_combined_env", return_value={}),
+            patch.object(tracer, "create_tracer_config", return_value=tmp_path / "config.json"),
+        ):
+            trace_db, _jfr_file = tracer.trace(
+                java_command=["java", "-cp", ".", "Main"], trace_db_path=trace_db_path, packages=["com.example"]
+            )
+        assert trace_db == trace_db_path
+
+    def test_timeout_without_trace_db_raises(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        trace_db_path = (tmp_path / "trace.db").resolve()
+        tracer = JavaTracer()
+
+        def mock_run_timeout(java_command: list[str], env: dict, timeout: int, stage_name: str) -> int:
+            return -1
+
+        with (
+            patch("codeflash.languages.java.tracer._run_java_with_graceful_timeout", side_effect=mock_run_timeout),
+            patch.object(tracer, "build_combined_env", return_value={}),
+            patch.object(tracer, "create_tracer_config", return_value=tmp_path / "config.json"),
+            pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Combined tracing failed with exit code -1"),
+        ):
+            tracer.trace(
+                java_command=["java", "-cp", ".", "Main"], trace_db_path=trace_db_path, packages=["com.example"]
+            )